Browsing by Subject "Developed Countries"
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Item Restricted Analysis of Past Instance of Inflation(2022) Igor Želčević; Artinger, Florian; Villegas, Erick Behar; Faculty of Business Administration; Berlin International University of Applied SciencesAUTHOR-SUPPLIED ABSTRACT: Abstract: As a phenomenon, inflation has recently been on the rise across the globe. In the cases of some developed countries, inflation levels are reaching levels not seen in at least the previous two decades. According to Reinhart and Von Luncker (2022), across the globe, both in developing and developed countries, the world is faced with inflation above 5% on an annualized basis. By reviewing past periods of inflation throughout history, the paper intends to isolate key causes, as well as provide potential solutions and suggestions to help tackle the problem. The research will focus on both qualitative and quantitative factors that influence inflation. The quantitative part will include a time-series analysis of CPI data, interest rates, and money supply, among other variables, to find correlations that precede inflation. The qualitative part will examine geopolitical realities, psychology, and government policies. Additionally, the paper will explore the difference in perception of inflation among various economic schools and how they have influenced monetary policy. Although the paper will include examples of hyperinflation and information about inflation in the early-modern and modern periods, the main focus will be on the time period from 1960-2022, primarily pertaining to the G20 countries. The analysis will rely on data obtained from the OECD, IMF, and World Bank databases, as well as relevant central banks. The goal of the research is to provide policy makers today with useful suggestions and methods to combat inflation by identifying common trends and patterns among the analyzed examples. Two primary aspects will be considered: policy errors and external factors leading up to inflationary periods, and the responses to inflation by economic policy makers and governments, assessing their effectiveness in suppressing the phenomenon. Keywords: inflation, developed countries, causes, solutions, qualitative factors, quantitative factors, time-series analysis, CPI data, interest rates, money supply, geopolitical realities, psychology, government policies, economic schools, monetary policy, hyperinflation, G20 countries, policy makersItem Restricted Biking as the New Way of Urban Mobility in Developed Countries and Cities(2022) Elchin Najafli; Mantel, Peter; Ülker, Barış; Faculty of Business Administration; Berlin International University of Applied SciencesAUTHOR-SUPPLIED ABSTRACT: Abstract: In recent years, biking has started to become a new trend and alternative way of transportation for people living in developed countries such as Germany, Netherlands et cetera More and more people living in cities such as Berlin, Amsterdam et cetera prefer biking over other transportation options. The governments and other public institutions engaged in urban development affairs in aforementioned countries and in others seem to be responding to this trend by investing more in the installation of infrastructure for bikers. New and separated biking lanes are being made, new policies and regulations are being developed and put in place to further improve the rights of bikers and facilitate their commute. All these developments, inevitably, are influencing and changing the shape of today's developed countries and cities. Thus, the aim of the thesis is to analyze the impact of the biking ecosystem on the city and transport planning of today's developed countries as well as discussing the policies and incentives in place to promote enhanced usage of biking. It shall be accomplished by doing a descriptive and comparative analysis throughout the thesis. Reports, newspaper articles and other publications on the topic are used in order to understand exactly how they are responding to the new trend, which policies/regulations are being developed and which measures are being taken to support the enhanced usage of biking. Keywords: biking, transportation, trend, alternative, developed countries, Germany, Netherlands, cities, Berlin, Amsterdam, urban development, infrastructure, biking lanes, policies, regulations, rights, commute, developed countries, cities, biking ecosystem, transport planning, policies, incentives, enhanced usage, descriptive analysis, comparative analysis, reports, newspaper articles, publications, new trend, measures