Browsing by Subject "Sacral spaces"
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Item Restricted Adaptive Reuse : Brutalist Church Becomes a Living Space ; A Redesign Based on the Analysis of Brutalist Religious Architecture(2021) Drover, Eileen; Larsen, Sigurd; Starck, Adrian von; Interior Architecture / Interior DesignMACHINE-GENERATED SUMMARY NOTE : Brutalism in architecture is a very controversial style. However, it has attracted considerable attention not only through criticism, but also for its innovation and functionality. Le Corbusier's residential unit in Marseille, finished in 1952, is generally considered to have been a primary source of inspiration for Brutalist architects. The beginning of Brutalism can be traced back to the period between World War I and World War II at the beginning of the 20th century, as well as in the theory of New Brutalism created by the Englishmen Alison and Peter Smithson, which was later supported by Reyner Banham1. Nonetheless, the peak of Brutalism began in the 1950s and it is in relation to Le Corbusier's unit that the term 'béton-brut' or raw concrete originated2. Brutalism as understood today, developed after World War II in the United States and then quickly spread throughout Europe and the rest of the world. Largely, Brutalist architecture drew attention mainly through its use of reinforced concrete, which was driven by the state of the economies in Europe after the Second World War. The countries in Europe faced significant economic and social struggles. The struggles that arose meant that it was difficult for countries to dedicate resources on expensive building materials, therefore, Brutalist buildings, which required mainly concrete, were a solution to this significant economic burden. Brutalist buildings were simple, raw, rough and solid3. Nonetheless, the style quickly spread and began to be appreciated by many and not simply used for its functionality. Reyner Banham distinguishes four characteristics that a building must have in order to be considered Brutalist - to have the materials in their raw form when constructing, to exhibit a clear and comprehensive visual experience, clear exhibition of structure and an architectural composition that can be recognized from the layout of the structure4. Therefore an array of buildings for different purposes may fall into the category of Brutalism which is not only applied to build a specific type of building (e.g. institutional). Some of the most interesting Brutalist-style constructions are religious buildings. Considering the specifications and origin of Brutalist buildings, it is interesting to trace the different purposes for which Brutalist-style buildings, particularly religious buildings can be used. Adaptive reuse is a term used for changing the purpose of a building to something different from what it was initially built for, in order to preserve buildings and save them from destruction. In historical terms, adaptive reuse was employed in an effort to save time and resources from destroying and building new, but also for its cultural, social and environmental impact5. The following thesis aims to expand on the idea of repurposing religious buildings for living purposes, focusing in particular on the Brutalist churches of Europe. Furthermore, it supports the idea that Brutalist religious buildings, particularly those that are unused and becoming desolate, are a good fit for adaptive reuse projects aimed at creating living spaces. The paper incorporates research concerned with the essence of religious buildings and Brutalist style architecture and combines it with research on the role of the church in Europe in order provide an analysis as to how religious buildings can be repurposed as living spacesItem Restricted Adaptive reuse of sacred buildings : Adaptive reuse of church buildings in Germany ; An analysis of challenges and opportunities(2021) bachelor thesis in Interior Architecture / Interior DesignMACHINE-GENERATED SUMMARY NOTE : There are about 45,000 churches in Germany, 404 of them in Berlin alone. Fewer and fewer of them are regularly used as a place of worship, as there is often a shortage of both priests and visitors. (Schäfer. 2018, 12-14) Experts predict that around 30 per cent of sacred buildings will remain empty in the long term. (Hein. 2019) From a financial point of view, maintenance is hardly affordable for the parishes, often it is simply impossible for them. For the congregations, however, it is a matter of the heart that the churches are preserved and not abandoned. (Alpha&Omega. 2020) Adaptive reuse of existing buildings has become an important part of various architects who specialize in this topic. Changing the functionality of sacred buildings is a challenge with structural and social hurdles to overcome. (Zukunft-kirchen- reaume. 2021) On the one hand, the question arises of how to succeed in giving these culturally and art-historically valuable spaces a different or new purpose. On the other hand, it must be considered to what extent the wishes and needs of the parishioners can be harmonized with the design ideas of the architects. Counteracting the threatening decay of buildings and giving them a new purpose is an important issue. (Alpha&Omega. 2020) In addition to the structural and monument preservation aspects, the social dimension of the topic of church conversion will also be analyzed. It will be examined which challenges and which opportunities the adaptive conversion of churches in Germany entails. Firstly, some already implemented projects and the realized conversion ideas will be examined. Secondly, the analysis will include the question to what extent the adaptive conversion of churches has achieved social acceptance and what problems had to be overcome in the process. Thirdly, the analysis of adaptive reuse will focus on the extent to which public and community acceptance of unconventional ideas has increased over the years. This analysis intends to give a new direction and to encourage others to find a new purpose for abandoned spaces and thus make them accessible again for parishioners and the publicItem Restricted Architectural Lighting design in a Byzantine-Orthodox Church(2021) Frusinoiu, Daria Maria; bachelor thesis in Interior Architecture / Interior DesignMACHINE-GENERATED SUMMARY NOTE : The following paper aims to describe the lighting methodology used in Byzantine Orthodox Churches and furthermore how they can be reinterpreted in the religious context of nowadays. The study will start with the technical properties of light in general and its meanings. Looking at the traditional ways of lighting and their reinterpretation throughout time, the goal of this paper is to arrive at new possibilities of illumination in a modern mannerItem Restricted Fragments of the past : contemporary interior design solutions for redesigning historical churches(2019) Korsch, Julia; Ebert, Carola; Martín, Javier; Faculty of Architecture and Design; Berlin International University of Applied Sciences"In Brandenburg, there exists a church in almost every village, with most of them having been originally built sometime between the 12th and the 14th centuries. Nowadays, some of these churches are no longer used as places of worship, while others have extended functions. Some have even been dismantled. [...] Since the late 1970s, the Church in Germany has experienced a dramatic loss of membership. [...] In addition to demographic change, the rural exodus of young people plays a major role, especially in Eastern Germany. In Brandenburg, there are countless villages where almost no young families live anymore; as a result, schools are closed and the populations have become outdated. [...] Here, the church has a very special role as a social pivot for the remaining population. It is a location for church services, a parish hall, a meeting place for festivities and gatherings of all kinds, frequently including cultural or political events. This requires premises that are often not available, due to very limited space. Yet, where there is no space for the peoples' requirements, their needs will either be repressed, or they will leave these locations. The Church is trying to resolve this problem. Where church space can be preserved as such, because there is still hope, attempts are made to expand the site's functionality. Community spaces are added, and church space is divided into several functional areas, so as to utilize it for more practical needs and additional purposes. If there is no hope, churches are also desecrated and sold, or they are demolished. [...] The central question that this essay will examine is this precise issue of additional use: Which design strategies that architectural interventions employ can transform centuries old churches into spaces that satisfy the requirements of their communities, yet incorporate and maintain their historical structures? The integration and reuse of historical structures should ultimately result in an advantage for the user."Item Restricted Spiritual Architecture and Multi-Sensory Design : Adaptive Reuse of a Church(2021) Gül, Yasmin; Brünjes, Katrin; Pöğün-Zander, Yüksel; Interior Architecture / Interior DesignMACHINE-GENERATED SUMMARY NOTE : Spirituality, meaning to return to the human soul and mind, is a relevant topic to consider for designing spaces. This change in behavior shifts the demand for an architectural space. In order to be spiritually active the body needs to work together with the senses. That is why it is important to understand how the senses work together and how that can be implicated into an interior space. The goal of the thesis is to answer how spirituality influences designing with the senses. For this purpose the following research question will be asked: How does spirituality influence the atmospheric and sensory experience of an interior space? To answer the research question information sources were analysed and combined. In order to explain the gathered information, case studies were used to give insight into the implementation of the gathered information. The analysis of the given information material shows that the senses all need to work together in order to create a spatial atmosphere. Additionally, transition spaces are an important part - spiritually but also organizationally - to create a multi-sensory experience