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Stress and Motivation Among Higher Educators in Germany

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dc.contributor.advisorHynes, Jennifer
dc.contributor.advisorMantel, Peter
dc.contributor.authorAlexander Nicolas Flores
dc.contributor.departmentFaculty of Business Administration
dc.contributor.otherBerlin International University of Applied Sciences
dc.date.accessioned2023-07-19
dc.date.accessioned2025-12-02T10:35:02Z
dc.date.available2025-12-02T10:35:02Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractAUTHOR-SUPPLIED ABSTRACT: Abstract: This quantitative research focuses on understanding stress among Higher Educators in Germany and their corresponding motivations/rewards. The study aims to benefit universities, professors, and students by providing insights into the stress levels and motivations of Higher Educators. The research begins with a literature review on stress, including its definition, impact, and specifically in the context of Higher Education. Motivation will also be explored to understand how different employees find motivation in their job-related tasks. The review encompasses international and German-specific literature on stress and education systems. Data will be collected through an online survey distributed to professors in German universities. The collected data will be analyzed using SPSS to identify any notable characteristics related to stress and motivation among different demographic groups in the sample. The results will be discussed in relation to the reviewed literature. In conclusion, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of stress and motivation among Higher Educators in Germany. The findings contribute to the existing literature, enabling universities to make informed policies, helping professors understand stress and motivation in their field, and assisting students in supporting their professors' job satisfaction and overall teaching quality. Keywords: stress, motivation, Higher Educators, Germany, quantitative research, literature review, online survey, SPSS, demographicsen
dc.description.degreeMA
dc.description.tableofcontentsMACHINE-GENERATED CONTENTS NOTE: Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION............................................................................ 5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................. 6 2.1 STRESS.........................................................................................................6 2.1.1 What is stress? ..................................................................................... 6 2.1.2 What are stressors? ............................................................................. 7 2.1.3 Internal vs External Perspective of Stressors ......................................... 7 2.1.4 Stress being Positive or Negative ........................................................... 8 2.1.5 What is Burnout?..................................................................................9 2.2 IMPACT OF STRESS IN THE WORKPLACE...........................................9 2.2.1 On Organizations....................................................................................9 2.2.2 On Employee Commitment and Productivity ...................................... 10 2.2.3 On Well-being ...................................................................................... 11 2.3 HIGHER EDUCATION IN GERMANY ................................................... 12 2.3.1 Universities...........................................................................................12 2.3.2 Fachhochschulen .................................................................................. 12 2.3.3 Private vs Public Universities............................................................... 13 2.3.4 Academic Careers................................................................................. 13 2.3.5 Universities vs Fachhochschulen ......................................................... 14 2.3.6 Female to Male Professor Ratio ........................................................... 15 2.4 STRESS IN THE ACADEME .................................................................... 17 2.4.1 Heavy Workload................................................................................... 18 2.4.2 Classes and Student Engagement ......................................................... 19 2.4.3 Job Security and Management.............................................................. 20 2.4.4 Performance Competition..................................................................... 21 2.5 MEASURING STRESS .............................................................................. 22 2.5.1 The Job Demand-Resource Model ....................................................... 22 2.5.2 The Effort-Reward Imbalance Model .................................................. 23 2.5.3 Rewards ................................................................................................ 23 2.5.4 Overcommitment .................................................................................. 24 2.6 EFFORT-REWARD IMBALANCE MODEL IN THE ACADEME.........24 2.6.1 Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Rewards..............................................................25 2.7 SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY AND MOTIVATION....................26 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY......................................................................... 28 3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 28 3.2 PARTICIPANTS ......................................................................................... 28 3.3 MEASURING TOOLS ............................................................................... 30 3.3.1 EFFORT-REWARD IMBALANCE....................................................30 3.3.2 WORK EXTRINSIC AND INTRINSIC MOTIVATION SCALE ..... 35 3.4 Data Analysis............................................................................................... 37 3.5 Ethics ........................................................................................................... 37 3.6 Summary...................................................................................................... 38 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS ...................................................................................... 39 4.1 Intro ............................................................................................................. 39 4.2 Effort............................................................................................................ 39 4.3 Reward.........................................................................................................42 4.4 Overcommitment ......................................................................................... 46 4.5.1 Significance testing of ERI Scores ....................................................... 50 4.5.2 ERI Scores ............................................................................................ 51 4.5.3 ERI and Age ......................................................................................... 51 4.5.4 ERI and Sex .......................................................................................... 52 4.5.5 ERI and Marital Status ......................................................................... 53 4.5.6 ERI and Children .................................................................................. 53 4.5.7 ERI and Contract types......................................................................... 54 4.5.8 ERI and Institution Types..................................................................... 55 4.6 Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale Types ................................ 57 CHAPTER 5: Discussion ...................................................................................... 63 5.1 Stress and ERI ............................................................................................. 63 5.1.1 Age ....................................................................................................... 63 5.1.2 Sex ........................................................................................................ 64 5.1.3 Marital Status and Children..................................................................66 5.1.4 Teaching Contract................................................................................. 66 5.1.5 Institution Type .................................................................................... 67 5.2 Motivation ................................................................................................... 67 5.3 Limitations................................................................................................... 68 CHAPTER 6: Conclusion...................................................................................... 70en
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.berlin-international.de/handle/123456789/1084
dc.language.isoeng
dc.subjectGermany
dc.subjectHigher Educators
dc.subjectLiterature Review
dc.subjectMotivation
dc.subjectOnline Survey
dc.subjectQuantitative Research
dc.subjectSpss
dc.subjectStress
dc.titleStress and Motivation Among Higher Educators in Germany
dc.typeThesis

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