Undergraduate Theses

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Grave affairs: A comparative study of Protestant and Islamic deathcare businesses in Berlin
(2025) Lietz, Evelyn; Ülker, Baris; Data Science and Business (BA); Berlin International University of Applied Sciences
This thesis explores Islamic and Protestant deathcare businesses in Berlin, specifically focusing on how their religious denominations influence their services and the struggles that they face. This topic is looked at through a mixed embeddedness theoretical framework which is introduced in the literature review and considers both the institutional guidelines that the businesses must consider, and the resources generated through their community structures. Employing a qualitative methodology, semi structured interviews explore the practices of four funeral homes in Berlin, two aligned with each faith. The findings of these interviews reveal the difference in systemic barriers that Islamic funerary services face when compared with Protestant ones, deriving from differences of traditional Islamic practices with Berlin’s historically Protestant aligned legislation. Previous legal adjustments, such as allowing shroud burials, have helped to bridge this gap. However, persisting challenges such as mandatory waiting times and restricted use remain as systemic barriers for Islamic providers. These businesses make use of their community networks and cater to niche market requirements to remain competitive. In contrast, Protestant and secular service providers can benefit from historical origins, legislative alignment and explore easily accessible business opportunities for broader market access. Ultimately, the following thesis determines that Berlin’s legislature should adapt to the needs of an established segment of its population to ensure equitable access and further integration for minority entrepreneurship. Such a state-level movement towards removing regulatory barriers would foster a more inclusive deathcare sector, reflective of Berlin’s multicultural nature.
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Creative Revolution or Risky Business? The Impact of Generative AI on the Fashion Industry's Future
(2025) Tsybulska, Liudmyla; Mantel, Peter; Mirzoyan, Varsenik; International Management and Marketing (BA); Berlin International University of Applied Sciences
This research examines how generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) transforms the fashion industry by analyzing its effects on creativity and sustainability and business strategies. Fashion undergoes digital transformation while GenAI functions as both creative tool and disruptive element which creates essential questions about authorship and authenticity and long-term responsibility. The study addresses the expanding GenAI tool usage throughout the fashion value chain by analyzing both industry operational changes and cultural shifts that result from this transformation. The research combines academic literature analysis with industry data from expert interviews and brand case studies to achieve its findings. The research shows GenAI improves both speed and efficiency and creative output yet its implementation depends on organizational culture and brand identity and ethical priorities rather than technological limitations. Luxury brands together with mass-market brands encounter obstacles regarding authenticity perception and greenwashing risks and consumer doubt which limit their willingness to show GenAI openly. The research demonstrates that GenAI functions as a versatile instrument whose results depend on strategic direction and human supervision. The study demonstrates that fashion requires immediate development of new theoretical models for creativity and sustainability and business ethics to address the current human-AI collaboration framework.
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Healthcare in Cameroon: Systemic Challenges and Their Impact on Public Health
(3rd) Ngo Tchang, Anaïs Dorothèe; Hynes, Jennifer; International Management and Marketing (BA); Berlin International University of Applied Sciences
This study investigates the systemic challenges facing Cameroon’s healthcare system and their implications for public health outcomes. Motivated by both scholarly gaps and personal experience, the research aims to amplify understanding of the structural barriers undermining healthcare delivery in Cameroon, particularly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Key issues include limited access to essential medical resources, severe healthcare personnel shortages, geographic inequities, and high out-of-pocket costs that exacerbate health inequalities. Adopting a qualitative research the study utilized thematic analysis to examine responses from healthcare professionals across multiple regions in Cameroon. Data were collected through open-ended surveys distributed via snowball and self-selection sampling strategies, which allowed flexibility given the constraints of respondent availability. Thematic findings were mapped against the World Health Organization’s six domains of healthcare quality: safety, effectiveness, patient-centeredness, timeliness, efficiency, and equity. Five major themes emerged: systemic resource limitations, equity gaps in access to care, neglected and untreated health conditions, coping mechanisms among healthcare workers, and workforce stress. These results demonstrate a recurring gap between healthcare policy and reality, with frontline staff members usually making personal sacrifices to make up for institutional shortcomings. By providing context-specific perspectives from healthcare providers, the study adds to the conversation on healthcare reform in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In order to improve healthcare outcomes in Cameroon, it highlights the pressing need for equity-driven policies, regulatory changes, and sustainable funding.
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Differential Leadership Styles Implications on Employee Performance and Organizational Growth in Small Enterprises in Berlin
(2025) Duwederi, Dalia; Ülker, Baris; International Management and Marketing (BA); Berlin International University of Applied Sciences
The current research was aimed at interpreting and evaluating the comparative effects of servant, transformational, as well as transactional leadership styles on employee performance and organizational growth within small enterprises in Berlin. For this reason, the methodology was centralized on the use of a quantitative strategy with a survey instrument comprised of 42 respondents utilizing the Servant Leadership Survey (SLS) along with the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ). The findings indicated that transformational leadership turned out to be the most favored approach to leadership, subsequent to transactional one, whilst servant leadership received significant appreciation owing to the conceptual frameworks of authorization and accountability. In addition, the employee performance indicators demonstrated positively reported assessments metrics across all the measured dimensions with work quality receiving the highest ratings whilst organizational growth reflected stability with plausible improvements in innovation. Comparably, the qualitative analysis found a critical disconnect between technological advancement and leadership capacity in Berlin's technology sector since it was inferred that Berlin SMEs excel at technical implementation but are disrupted with major workforce challenges mainly that of talent acquisition and retention as well as with remote work coordination. Accordingly, it was concluded that whilst each leadership style provided Berlin SME employees with diversified and unique advantages, yet a strategized integrative leadership approach utilizing both the transformational vision, servant leadership's personalized support, and transactional structure is recommended as imperative for an efficient and sustained success in Berlin's progressively volatile and versatile SME landscape.
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Tax incentives and their influenceon company relocation
(2025) Christensen, Rasmus Schneeberg; Behar, Erick; International Management and Marketing (BA); Berlin International University of Applied Sciences
The aim of this paper is to research how corporate tax rates incentivize and influence organizational leaders when choosing where to relocate their company to. And what other factors also influence the decision making process. This research is significant, because it will help lawmakers and management to make more informed decisions. The chosen methodology method is the systematic literature review, because there already exist a lot of studies on the subject and the aim of this paper is to highlight the results and create an overall conclusion to the research question. Those research papers include European papers that have been published after the 2000s, so that the information is still somewhat current and can be applied to a modern setting. The main finding of the study is that Effective Average Tax Rate for corporations does not seem to be a very significant factor taken into account by organizational leaders when choosing where to relocate to. In the two main studies used for this paper, namely the ones from Kinkel (2004) and Dachs (2012), “tax and subsidies” were only mentioned as being the 5th and 7th most significant reason respectively, for companies relocating internationally. With 28.2% and 7% of companies respectively stating that “tax and subsidies” was a significant reason for the relocation. In conclusion it has been found that there are many more considerations that organizational leaders take into consideration. And taxes are far from being one of the most significant ones. Additionally the size of the company, the original location, the business sector and the personal needs of organizational leaders also all play a significant role in the decision making process.
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Student Use of AI in Higher Education: Tools , Benefits and Ethical Challenges
(2025) Ballabani , Eleonora; Hynes , Jennifer; International Management and Marketing (BA); Berlin International University of Applied Sciences
It examines the ways bachelor’s students use technology based on AI for their work in school, looking at the importance, issues and social issues that such tools may raise. Data was gathered by giving students a qualitative, open-ended survey that covered many different subjects and was used by students at different educational levels. Braun and Clarke’s framework for thematic analysis was used to analyse what participants said and find main themes, such as performance and ethical questions. According to the findings, students usually apply AI tools such as ChatGPT, Grammarly, QuillBot, Socratic and Perplexity for help with writing, summarising information, research and resolving problems. According to reports, using artificial intelligence can spare time, enhance how people write, support better understanding and help them improve all the time. But some concerns were addressed related to relying too heavily on AI, how exact the generated content was, decreased critical thinking and having no clear rules for handling AI in the institution. It was found that tools were applied uniquely in each discipline, and many students said they were not sure about what counts as ethical AI in learning. The work adds to existing research in AI and education by giving students’ perspectives and providing valuable suggestions to educators and policy officials. It points out that we need new policies, more learning on digital skills and including AI topics in our curriculum. Even though AI tools can improve learning, it is necessary to have strong ethical rules and institutional help to preserve honesty in academic work.
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Brexit and Its Economic Implications for the European Union
(2025) Gabriel Balaguer Galmes; Prof. Dr. Erick Behar Villegas; International Management and Marketing (BA); Berlin International University of Applied Sciences
Brexit represents one of the biggest changes in the history of the modern economy of the European Union and it has raised many concerns on how this will impact the EU. This research paper aims to explore whether the predictions made before Brexit on how it would impact the EUs economy have been accurate. My main question to conduct this research is What are the main economic implications of Brexit for the European Union. The research was conducted by analysing existing literature, economic forecasts and post-Brexit data in order to successfully carry out the comparison. The resources used have been extracted from official sources such as the European Commission, European Central Bank, International Monetary Fund and others combined with previous research studies conducted by specialists. Findings suggest that Brexit has led to economic disruptions. EU countries have experienced increased costs when trading with the UK and disruptions in supply chains. Member states have not been affected equally, some have highly benefited from the shift in FDI and relocation of services and others have been subject to loss of household income due to the end of free movement of people.
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Berlin as a Startup Hub: Friend or Foe?
(2025) Magdalena Megan Opačak; Prof. Dr. Barış Ülker; Human Resource Management and Leadership (BA); Berlin International University of Applied Sciences
Berlin, the capital of culture, music and media in Germany, has recently been crowned with the title of the startup capital of the nation as well. However, Berlin does not exist within a dynamic economic environment. In order to assess the quality of Berlin as a startup hub and answer the research question “How does Berlin foster a desirable environment for startups?”, as well as the subquestion “Is Berlin really the ideal startup destination it claims to be or is that just a myth?”, the thesis explores the theoretical approaches to entrepreneurship, the current economic circumstances in the city, as well as the results from the interviews with founders of media and culture companies in Berlin. The thesis answers the research question, finding that the culture, existing networks and the living standard are the main ways in which Berlin fosters a desirable environment for startups. In contrast, the funding opportunities are numerous but do not favour the media and culture industries, and appear to be hard to acquire. This, in combination with the significant bureaucratic and administrative inefficiencies, along with the rising cost of living, lead to the conclusion that Berlin is not an ideal startup destination. The thesis suggests further research.
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A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE DRIVERS AND BARRIERS OF A CULTURE OF HEALTH: WHAT LESSONS CAN BE LEARNT FOR HR PROFESSIONALS?
(2025) Batoul Maghmouma; Prof. Dr. Jennifer Hynes; Prof. Dr. Despoina Glarou; Human Resource Management and Leadership (BA); Berlin International University of Applied Sciences
This thesis conducts a systematic literature review on the drivers and barriers of a Culture of Health (CoH) in the workplace and explores lessons for HR professionals. Using the PRISMA framework and thematic analysis, the research synthesises organisational, cultural, and leadership factors that influence employee well-being and organisational health. The findings identify leadership commitment, employee engagement, and supportive environments as key drivers of CoH, while toxic leadership, low engagement, unhealthy workplace culture, and diversity challenges emerge as significant barriers. The review highlights the central role of HR and leadership in shaping health-supportive organisational cultures through strategies such as wellness programmes, flexible work practices, and inclusive policies. Practical contributions include the importance of training leaders to model healthy behaviours, fostering open communication, and embedding well-being into HR strategy. Theoretically, the study integrates perspectives from human resource management, public health, and organisational psychology, framing CoH as a multidimensional construct. Future research directions emphasise the role of digital leadership, hybrid work structures, and HR interventions in sustaining health-oriented workplaces. Overall, the thesis underscores that prioritising employee well-being is both a strategic imperative and an ethical responsibility. By overcoming barriers and reinforcing drivers, HR professionals can create sustainable workplace cultures where health is integral to organisational success.
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How Can HR’s role in the healthcare sector be improved to effectively enhance employee wellbeing
(2025) Ewura Adwoa Boahen; Prof. Jennifer Hynes; Human Resource Management and Leadership (BA); Berlin International University of Applied Sciences
Using both quantitative and qualitative approaches, this study examines the connection between employee burnout and perceived organisational support in a health care setting. Organisational support and burnout levels are strongly correlated negatively, according to quantitative data gathered using the Workplace Support for Health (WSH) and Quality of Employee Experience at Work (QEEW) scales. In particular, among healthcare professionals, lower burnout symptoms are significantly predicted by higher perceptions of organisational support. These results are supported by thematic analysis of open-ended survey responses, which identifies important factors influencing employee well-being. Workers admit that there are physical wellness resources available, but they express concerns about their uneven distribution and irregular accessibility, which especially affects junior employees. The effectiveness of current wellness programs is undermined by a widespread culture of overwork, understaffing, and inadequate managerial training, all of which increase the risk of burnout. Theoretical implications highlight the usefulness of the Organisational Support Theory (OST) and the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, showing how sufficient organisational support acts as a buffer against burnout. Recommendations for hospitals and HR departments to prioritise fair resource distribution, consistent hiring procedures, proactive managerial training, and encouraging candid conversations about mental health are examples of practical implications. In spite of sample size and sampling methodology limitations, this study offers practical insights and future research directions, highlighting the need for focused, micro-level interventions to sustainably improve organisational effectiveness and healthcare worker resilience.
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HR’s Role in Employee Well-being and Work-life Balance in the Tech Industry
(2025) Acar, Asli Berat; Hynes, Jennifer; Human Resource Management and Leadership (BA); Berlin International University of Applied Sciences
The tech industry has created billion-dollar companies; however, often at great cost to employees’ well-being and work-life balance. This thesis investigates the role of Human Resources (HR) in supporting employee well-being and work-life balance in the tech industry. Rapid digital transformation, blurred work-life balance, and high performance expectations have created psychological demands on employees in the tech industry. To investigate how HR can help these challenges, the thesis applies the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) model as a theoretical framework, distinguishing between job demands (e.g., workload, emotional strain) and job resources (e.g., autonomy, support, flexibility). The thesis adopts a qualitative approach, using open-ended survey responses from 24 employees in the tech industry based in Germany. Thematic analysis shows key points such as extended working hours, unclear expectations, and cultural pressure to remain constantly available. At the same time, participants highlight the value of HR initiatives, including mental health workshops, flexible work arrangements, and professional development opportunities. Despite many efforts, survey participants express a need for more visible, proactive, and personalized support. Suggestions include improved communication, earlier mental health interventions, and greater sensitivity to individual needs. The findings underline the importance of embedding well-being into everyday practices and organizational culture. Overall, the thesis suggests that HR’s strategic involvement is crucial in balancing workplace pressures with meaningful support structures. By engaging with employee feedback and creating a culture of care, HR can contribute to more sustainable and psychologically healthy work environments in the tech sector.
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The Role of AI in Business Process Management and a comparative study of AI adoption among Business Process Professionals.
(2025) Vinecká Vanda; Koc Hasan; Data Science and Business (BA); Berlin International University of Applied Sciences
As Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies rapidly evolve, business process professionals are increasingly expected to integrate AI into workflows and decision-making. This thesis explores how AI is adopted in Business Process Management (BPM), what tools are used, what benefits are observed, and which barriers are encountered. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines ten semi-structured interviews with a follow-up survey of 55 respondents from various industries. Thematic analysis of the interviews revealed five key themes: (1) AI use cases and tools (such as automation, decision support, and process modeling), (2) role-based perceptions of AI, (3) organizational factors influencing adoption, (4) experienced benefits, and (5) common challenges and limitations. Quantitative analysis tested seven hypotheses based on the qualitative themes. The results showed significant positive correlations between digital maturity, top-management support, and overall AI readiness with both perceived benefits and levels of AI adoption. The findings suggest that successful AI adoption in BPM depends less on structural factors like company size, and more on cultural readiness, leadership engagement, and the quality of underlying data and processes. This thesis highlights the importance of not only technical tools but also emotional and organizational dynamics in shaping digital transformation outcomes.
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Navigating the Social Impacts of AI Integration: Misinformation, Isolation, and Social Change Among Young Adults
(2025) Syed Abdul Haq Sahib, Jalila Farida; Hynes, Jennifer; Data Science and Business (BA); Berlin International University of Applied Sciences
This study explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the social, emotional, and cognitive lives of young adults aged 18–24 across five countries: Germany, Turkey, India, the UAE, and Canada. Drawing on Baudrillard’s (1981) theory of hyperreality, it investigates four key questions related to social isolation, critical thinking, misinformation, and cross-cultural variation. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining survey-based quantitative data with qualitative thematic analysis of open-ended responses (n=49). Findings reveal a trust–vigilance gap, with many participants expressing high trust in AI but limited confidence in detecting misinformation. Emotional disconnection was most pronounced among Turkish and non-binary respondents. Thematic analysis identified 81 subthemes, including cognitive shortcuts, identity simulation, and cultural differences in AI engagement. While risks such as emotional detachment and truth distortion were evident, some participants used AI critically and creatively. The study concludes that AI’s impact is not uniform but mediated by culture, awareness, and user intent. It calls for stronger media literacy, ethical AI design, and culturally adaptive policy to ensure AI supports, rather than replaces, human experience.
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A Comparative Sentiment Analysis of Airbnb Hosts and Barcelona Locals Amid Short-Term Rental Policy Reforms
(2025) Carlota Moya Lafuente; Prof. Dr. Hasan Koç; Data Science and Business (BA); Berlin International University of Applied Sciences
This thesis explores the impact of STRs, in particular Airbnbs, on socioeconomic and demographic variables in Barcelona. Both district-level and sentiment data are analyzed to compare concern gaps between Airbnb hosts and Barcelona residents. A mixed-methods approach with multiple regression models assess the effect of Airbnb listings (as of 2025) to foreign resident density, work location, rental prices, and other variables. This analysis is then complemented with a qualitative sentiment and LDA topic modelling of Airbnb host Reddit discussions, compared to 2024 local municipal survey results. The findings identify a stronger correlation between Airbnb listings and work location than to household prices. Additionally, demographic shifts are strongly associated with Airbnb presence in central districts. This study concludes that a major concern asymmetry is observed between directly affected users (Barcelona residents) and indirectly affected ones (hosts). As a result, a reconsideration of policy reforms and further qualitative research is suggested for the case-study of STR presence in Barcelona, Spain.
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Behind the Fashion Treasure Hunt: Exploring the Business Practices of Independent Secondhand and Vintage Fashion Retailers in Berlin and Their Response to the Industry Changes
(2025) Kuzmenko, Nadiia; Mantel, Peter; Data Science and Business (BA); Berlin International University of Applied Sciences
This thesis explores the business practices of independent secondhand and vintage fashion shops in Berlin. Semi-structured interviews with business owners, employees, and people participating in the industry in other ways were conducted. The gathered data was analysed using the thematic analysis method to try to understand how businesses of this type operate and how their owners manage changes in the industry. The findings presented in this thesis explore the operational practices, curation, sourcing, pricing and promotion strategies of the independent secondhand and vintage fashion shops in Berlin, as well as the influence of digital secondhand marketplaces and e-commerce retail on physical secondhand fashion businesses and the changes in the secondhand fashion industry caused by those technologies. Understanding the current practices, struggles, concerns, and perceptions of changes of the business owners of vintage and secondhand fashion stores will help to further explore the market, benefit the retailers, and encourage further research of the topic.
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SARCASM DETECTION IN SPAM REVIEWS, A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
(2025) Capinig, Jaeden; Koç, Hasan; Data Science and Business (BA); Berlin International University of Applied Sciences
Purpose – This systematic literature review investigates the current state of research on sarcasm detection in spam reviews, with the aim of informing businesses that utilise automated spam detection systems. Better understanding of this topic may help refine prediction accuracy and enable more reliable interpretation of customer feedback. Methodology – The review was conducted using a combined approach that integrates the principles outlined by Bandara et al. (2015) and the PRISMA framework, ensuring both methodological rigour and transparent reporting. Studies were selected based on clearly defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and qualitative data was analysed using coding and thematic analysis techniques. Findings – The analysis revealed that contextual information is a critical feature in accurately detecting sarcasm, as sarcasm often relies on nuanced cues beyond surface-level sentiment. A variety of machine learning and deep learning models have been identified in the literature, with hybrid approaches (combining traditional and modern techniques) showing promise in improving detection accuracy.
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Supporting Resistance: The Role of Visual Communication and Self-Organizing Practices in Grassroots Collectives in Italy
(2025) Melissari, Veronica; Demovič, Barbora; Lemke, Katharina; Graphic Design and Visual Communication (BA); Berlin International University of Applied Sciences
Italy, December 2022. Parliament converts into law the so-called “anti-rave decree,” approved by the Meloni government months earlier. This measure not only reflects an increase in right-wing trends in Europe and around the world, but also demonstrates growing repression of political dissent in Italy. In this context, free parties serve as spaces of resistance and escapism. Beginning with a chronological overview of the events surrounding the decree, this thesis offers an in-depth analysis of its legal and socio-political implications. It includes a glossary of key terms to help a clearer understanding of the context and briefly examines the Security Law as development emerging from the anti-rave decree. Through contemporary case studies and various interviews conducted by the author, the research investigates the political significance of free party culture. It further examines the role of visual communication as a means of resistance and highlights the importance of self-organizing practices within grassroots collectives in Italy. The thesis concludes with a description of the author’s final project (consisting of a digital zine and a printed flyer), which is a practical extensions of the theoretical research and exemplifies how design can support collective forms of resistance.
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It's All in Her Head: How the Gender Data Gap in Medicine Impacts Women's Health
(2025) Björnsdóttir Haaker, Thea; Tibus, Alexander; Ciechanowicz, Anc; Graphic Design and Visual Communication (BA); Berlin International University of Applied Sciences
This thesis investigates the gender data gap in medicine and how it impacts women’s health, arguing that systemic male bias in medical research and practice leads to misdiagnosis, inadequate treatment, and emotional distress among women. The research is composed of qualitative desk research and a thematic analysis of personal stories collected from Reddit, which revealed key themes including dismissal, disbelief, and misdiagnosis as well as recurring emotional responses such as frustration, fear, and hopelessness. These personal insights combined with the academic findings, reveal how the gender data gap in medical research affects women’s clinical experiences. The accompanying design project It’s All in Her Head, is an animated infographic with its title reflecting the tendency within the healthcare system to dismiss women’s physical symptoms as psychological. The viewer follows the protagonist through a series of unsettling encounters with the healthcare system, each scenario reflecting real-world scenarios based on the data obtained from the desk research and collected personal stories. The project aims to raise awareness about the severe consequences of the gender data gap on women’s health. This thesis and project utilizes design as a tool for criticizing the norm of men being the de- fault and advocating for change through visual storytelling.
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A Review of Hemp’s Potential in Air Purification and Sustainability
(2025) Korkmaz, Sevket; Katharina, Lemke; Graphic Design and Visual Communication (BA); Berlin International University of Applied Sciences
The thesis is to guide a certain section of the Botanical Garden in Berlin due to the fact that cannabis or hemp absorbs carbon dioxide excessively, grows rapidly and is quite sustainable. This section is only made of hemp and the information area aims to show people how useful and sustainable hemp actually is, and in addition, the area where you can sit and relax allows you to spend time in nature and finally offers an environment where you can get away from the city and be completely in touch with nature with walking paths. Although hemp is used in many areas such as car parts, cream, food, paper and textile, its live use is very little. The thesis addresses this important detail and directs hemp to be used not only as a material but also as a living thing.. The fact that some areas in Berlin are close to the limit in air quality serves the purpose of this project. The main purpose of creating this area is that hemp absorbs more carbon dioxide than trees.
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The Algorithm of Mourning Subtitle
(2025) Orr, Mariia; Riess, Henrik; Graphic Design and Visual Communication (BA); Berlin International University of Applied Sciences
As climate change leads to increasing displacement, loss, and instability, grief is becoming more frequent and multi-layered. At the same time, globalization and digitalization are challenging the relevance and accessibility of traditional mourning practices. This project explores how societies in 2100 might respond to this by outsourcing grief to artifi cial intelligence. It imagines two scenarios: one influenced by American individualism and commercialized self-care, the other by Chinese collectivism and state-guided ritual. Using speculative design, two videos were created to represent these imagined futures. Both centered around an AI-supported memory reconstruction process that occurs during sleep, visualised through a TouchDesigner animation projected onto a pillow—featured in the American setting. The Chinese scenario includes a Joss paper offering ritual, inspired by culturally specifi c insights from a qualitative survey with Chinese participants. The visual content of each video was generated using region-specifi c AI tools: Kling AI for the Chinese scenario, and MidJourney and Runway AI for the American. Together, these prototypes explore how grief might be reshaped through technological mediation and raise critical questions about agency, authenticity, and the future of ritual.